Sulfide rini nau'i ne na rini mai ɗauke da sulfur tare da hadadden tsarin kwayoyin halitta. Gabaɗaya an yi shi da wasu amines na ƙamshi, aminophenols da sauran mahadi masu zafi da sulfur ko sodium polysulfide, wato, vulcanized.
Sulfide dyes yawanci ba a narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma lokacin rini, suna buƙatar narkar da su a cikin sodium sulfide ko alkaline inshora foda bayani don rage zuwa leaches, sa'an nan oxidized nuna launi bayan fiber sha.
Bayanin rini na sulfur
An kera dyes Vulcanized don rini na fiber cellulose a karon farko tun 1873, kuma tsarin samar da shi yana da sauƙi, gabaɗaya an yi shi da amines na kamshi ko mahaɗan phenolic gauraye da sulfur ko sodium polysulfide kuma mai zafi. Ƙananan farashi, mai sauƙin amfani, babu maganin ciwon daji, tare da saurin wankewa da saurin rana, sanannen launi ne. Duk da haka, saboda nau'in rini ne na ruwa maras narkewa, lokacin rini, ana rage su zuwa gishirin lemony sodium mai narkewa a cikin maganin alkali sulfide, bayan rina fiber na ɗan adam, bayan oxidation ya zama yanayin da ba zai iya narkewa akan fiber ba, don haka tsarin rini yana da rikitarwa, kuma a ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin alkaline ba za a iya amfani da su don ulu, siliki da sauran zaruruwan furotin ba.
Don haka, rini na vulcanized galibi ana amfani da su wajen rini na zaruruwan cellulose, musamman a rini na kayan duhu na kayan auduga, wanda launuka biyu na rini na Sulfide wani nau’in rini ne mai ɗauke da sulfur mai sarƙaƙƙiya tsarin kwayoyin halitta. Gabaɗaya an yi shi da wasu amines na ƙamshi, aminophenols da sauran mahadi masu zafi da sulfur ko sodium polysulfide, wato, vulcanized.
Sulfide dyes yawanci ba a narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma lokacin rini, suna buƙatar narkar da su a cikin sodium sulfide ko alkaline inshora foda bayani don rage zuwa leaches, sa'an nan oxidized nuna launi bayan fiber sha.
Bayanin rini na sulfur
An kera dyes Vulcanized don rini na fiber cellulose a karon farko tun 1873, kuma tsarin samar da shi yana da sauƙi, gabaɗaya an yi shi da amines na kamshi ko mahaɗan phenolic gauraye da sulfur ko sodium polysulfide kuma mai zafi. Ƙananan farashi, mai sauƙin amfani, babu maganin ciwon daji, tare da saurin wankewa da saurin rana, sanannen launi ne. Duk da haka, saboda nau'in rini ne na ruwa maras narkewa, lokacin rini, ana rage su zuwa gishirin lemony sodium mai narkewa a cikin maganin alkali sulfide, bayan rina fiber na ɗan adam, bayan oxidation ya zama yanayin da ba zai iya narkewa akan fiber ba, don haka tsarin rini yana da rikitarwa, kuma a ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan yanayin alkaline ba za a iya amfani da su don ulu, siliki da sauran zaruruwan furotin ba.
Saboda haka, vulcanized dyes galibi ana amfani da su a cikin rini na cellulose zaruruwa, musamman a cikin rini na duhu kayayyakin na auduga yadudduka, wanda da dama launuka.sulfur bakikumasulfur blue
sulfur duhu launin ruwan kasa gd sulfur launin ruwan kasa rini
sulfur ja launi ja lgf
sulfur launin ruwan kasa 10 launin ruwan kasa rawaya
sulfur rawaya 2 rawaya foda
sulfur bordeaux 3b sulfur ja foda
su ne aka fi amfani da su.
Na biyu, tsarin rini na rini na sulfide
Rini na sulfide yana raguwa kuma a narkar da shi a cikin maganin rini, kuma rini na leucochroma da aka kafa ana tallata su ta hanyar fibers cellulose kuma ana kula da su ta hanyar iskar oxygen don sa filayen cellulose ya nuna launin da ake so. Tsarin halayensa na sinadaran shine
DS-SO3Na + Na2S→D-Sna + Na2S2O3
Sulfide dye iyaye ba shi da alaƙa ga fiber, kuma tsarinsa ya ƙunshi sulfur bonds (1 S 1), disulfide bonds (1 s — S) ko polysulfide bonds (1 Sx 1), waɗanda aka rage zuwa ƙungiyar hydrogen sulfide (1 SNa) ƙarƙashin aikin sodium sulfide rage wakilai, kuma ya zama leucochromic ruwa gishiri sodium soluble. Dalilin da yasa leucochromes ke da kyakkyawar alaƙa ga filayen cellulose shine cewa ƙwayoyin rini sun fi girma, wanda hakan ke haifar da manyan rundunonin van der Waals da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar hydrogen tsakanin zaruruwa.
Iii. Rarraba rini na sulfur
Ana iya raba rini na Sulfide zuwa rukuni huɗu:
1, ruwan hoda sulfide
Tsarin Rini Gabaɗaya dabara: DSSD, gabaɗaya yana buƙatar amfani da tafasasshen sodium sulfide, narkar da bayan aikace-aikacen.
2, hydrolytic sulfide rini
Tsarin launi na gabaɗaya: D-SSO3Na, irin wannan rini an yi shi da sodium sulfite ko sodium bisulfite magani na rini na sulfide na gargajiya, dyes sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi masu narkewa na ruwa, don haka mai narkewar ruwa, amma rini ba ta ƙunshi wakilai masu ragewa ba, babu alaƙa ga fibers, gabaɗaya an karɓi hanyar rini pad ɗin dakatarwa da ake amfani da shi akan masana'anta.
3, ruwa sulfide rini
Gabaɗaya tsarin tsarin rini shine: D-Sna, mai ɗauke da adadin adadin rage ragewa, an riga an rage rini zuwa leptochroma mai narkewa.
Kafin 1936, rini mai ɓarna yana cikin foda azaman sigar kasuwanci. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi, an haɗa launin foda mai vulcanized don tafasa tare da vulcanized, soda ash aqueous bayani don narkar da shi. A shekara ta 1936, John Le Clester na Amurka ya yi wani maganin rini na sulfide da aka riga an rage shi, kuma ya sami takardar izinin zama, wanda a yanzu aka sani da rini na sulfide.
4, rini na sulfide mai dacewa da muhalli
A cikin aiwatar da samarwa, ana tace shi cikin leash, amma abun cikin sulfur da abun ciki na polysulfide sun fi na yau da kullun sulfide rini. Rini yana da tsafta mai girma, digiri na raguwa da kwanciyar hankali da kuma mai kyau permeability. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da wakili mai rage binaryar glucose da foda na inshora a cikin wanka mai rini, wanda ba zai iya rage launin sulfide kawai ba amma kuma yana taka rawa wajen kare muhalli.
Na hudu, tsarin rini na rini na sulfide
Ana iya raba tsarin rini na vulcanization zuwa matakai huɗu masu zuwa:
1. Rage rini
Yana da sauƙin ragewa da narkar da rini na sulfide, kuma ana amfani da sodium sulfide a matsayin wakili mai ragewa, wanda kuma yana aiki azaman wakili na alkali. Don hana leucophore daga zama hydrolyzed, abubuwa irin su soda ash za a iya ƙara da kyau, amma raguwa bath alkaline ba zai iya zama mai karfi ba, in ba haka ba rage yawan rini zai yi jinkirin.
2, rini a cikin maganin rini yana daɗaɗa da fiber
Leucophore na rini na sulfide yana wanzu a cikin jihar anion a cikin maganin rini, yana da kaddarorin kai tsaye zuwa fiber cellulose, ana iya adsorbed a saman fiber kuma ya bazu cikin cikin fiber ciki. Halin kai tsaye na dyes sulfur zuwa filaye na cellulose yana da ƙasa, gabaɗaya ta yin amfani da ƙaramin adadin wanka, yayin da ake ƙara electrolytes masu dacewa, a mafi girman zafin jiki na iya haɓaka ƙimar rini, daidaitawa da haɓakawa.
3, maganin oxidation
Bayan rini a kan fiber, sulfur dye leuco dole ne a oxidized don nuna launi da ake so. Oxidation mataki ne mai mahimmanci bayan rini na vulcanized rini. Za a iya sanya rini mai sauƙi mai sauƙi ta hanyar iska bayan rini ta hanyar wankewa da samun iska, wato, hanyar iskar oxygenation; Ga wasu rini na sulfide waɗanda ba su da sauƙi don oxidize, ana amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da su don haɓaka iskar oxygen.
4. Bayan aiwatarwa
Bayan jiyya ya haɗa da tsaftacewa, mai, anti-embrittlement da gyaran launi. Sulfur dyes dole ne a wanke sosai bayan rini don rage sauran sulfur a kan masana'anta da kuma hana masana'anta brittleness, domin sulfur a cikin rini da kuma sulfur a cikin alkali sulfide ne mai sauki oxidize a cikin iska don samar da sulfuric acid, wanda zai haifar da acid hydrolysis na cellulose fiber da kuma rage ƙarfin fiber brittleness. Don haka, ana iya bi da shi tare da abubuwan da ke hana ɓarnawa, kamar: urea, trisodium phosphate, manne kashi, sodium acetate, da sauransu. Domin inganta saurin solarization da saurin sabulun rini na vulcanized, ana iya gyara launi bayan rini. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na gyaran launi: maganin gishirin ƙarfe (kamar: potassium dichromate, jan karfe sulfate, jan karfe acetate da cakuda waɗannan gishiri) da kuma maganin cationic color fixing agent.
baki da vulcanized blue ne aka fi amfani da su.
Na biyu, tsarin rini na rini na sulfide
Rini na sulfide yana raguwa kuma a narkar da shi a cikin maganin rini, kuma rini na leucochroma da aka kafa ana tallata su ta hanyar fibers cellulose kuma ana kula da su ta hanyar iskar oxygen don sa filayen cellulose ya nuna launin da ake so. Tsarin halayensa na sinadaran shine
DS-SO3Na + Na2S→D-Sna + Na2S2O3
Sulfide dye iyaye ba shi da alaƙa ga fiber, kuma tsarinsa ya ƙunshi sulfur bonds (1 S 1), disulfide bonds (1 s — S) ko polysulfide bonds (1 Sx 1), waɗanda aka rage zuwa ƙungiyar hydrogen sulfide (1 SNa) ƙarƙashin aikin sodium sulfide rage wakilai, kuma ya zama leucochromic ruwa gishiri sodium soluble. Dalilin da yasa leucochromes ke da kyakkyawar alaƙa ga filayen cellulose shine cewa ƙwayoyin rini sun fi girma, wanda hakan ke haifar da manyan rundunonin van der Waals da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar hydrogen tsakanin zaruruwa.
Iii. Rarraba rini na sulfur
Ana iya raba rini na Sulfide zuwa rukuni huɗu:
1, ruwan hoda sulfide
Tsarin Rini Gabaɗaya dabara: DSSD, gabaɗaya yana buƙatar amfani da tafasasshen sodium sulfide, narkar da bayan aikace-aikacen.
2, hydrolytic sulfide rini
Dye tsarin general dabara: D-SSO3Na, irin wannan rini da aka yi da sodium sulfite ko sodium bisulfite magani na gargajiya sulfide dyes, dyes dauke da ruwa-mai narkewa kungiyoyin, don haka ruwa mai narkewa, amma rini ba ya ƙunshi rage agents, babu wata alaƙa ga zaruruwa, gabaɗaya an yarda da suspension pad rini hanyar amfani da sulfide3, ruwa.
Gabaɗaya tsarin tsarin rini shine: D-Sna, mai ɗauke da adadin adadin rage ragewa, an riga an rage rini zuwa leptochroma mai narkewa.
Kafin 1936, rini mai ɓarna yana cikin foda azaman sigar kasuwanci. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi, an haɗa launin foda mai vulcanized don tafasa tare da vulcanized, soda ash aqueous bayani don narkar da shi. A shekara ta 1936, John Le Clester na Amurka ya yi wani maganin rini na sulfide da aka riga an rage shi, kuma ya sami takardar izinin zama, wanda a yanzu aka sani da rini na sulfide.
4, rini na sulfide mai dacewa da muhalli
A cikin aiwatar da samarwa, ana tace shi cikin leash, amma abun cikin sulfur da abun ciki na polysulfide sun fi na yau da kullun sulfide rini. Rini yana da tsafta mai girma, digiri na raguwa da kwanciyar hankali da kuma mai kyau permeability. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da wakili mai rage binaryar glucose da foda na inshora a cikin wanka mai rini, wanda ba zai iya rage launin sulfide kawai ba amma kuma yana taka rawa wajen kare muhalli.
Na hudu, tsarin rini na rini na sulfide
Ana iya raba tsarin rini na vulcanization zuwa matakai huɗu masu zuwa:
1. Rage rini
Yana da sauƙin ragewa da narkar da rini na sulfide, kuma ana amfani da sodium sulfide a matsayin wakili mai ragewa, wanda kuma yana aiki azaman wakili na alkali. Don hana leucophore daga zama hydrolyzed, abubuwa irin su soda ash za a iya ƙara da kyau, amma raguwa bath alkaline ba zai iya zama mai karfi ba, in ba haka ba rage yawan rini zai yi jinkirin.
2, rini a cikin maganin rini yana daɗaɗa da fiber
Leucophore na rini na sulfide yana wanzu a cikin jihar anion a cikin maganin rini, yana da kaddarorin kai tsaye zuwa fiber cellulose, ana iya adsorbed a saman fiber kuma ya bazu cikin cikin fiber ciki. Halin kai tsaye na dyes sulfur zuwa filaye na cellulose yana da ƙasa, gabaɗaya ta yin amfani da ƙaramin adadin wanka, yayin da ake ƙara electrolytes masu dacewa, a mafi girman zafin jiki na iya haɓaka ƙimar rini, daidaitawa da haɓakawa.
3, maganin oxidation
Bayan rini a kan fiber, sulfur dye leuco dole ne a oxidized don nuna launi da ake so. Oxidation mataki ne mai mahimmanci bayan rini na vulcanized rini. Za a iya sanya rini mai sauƙi mai sauƙi ta hanyar iska bayan rini ta hanyar wankewa da samun iska, wato, hanyar iskar oxygenation; Ga wasu rini na sulfide waɗanda ba su da sauƙi don oxidize, ana amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da su don haɓaka iskar oxygen.
4. Bayan aiwatarwa
Bayan jiyya ya haɗa da tsaftacewa, mai, anti-embrittlement da gyaran launi. Sulfur dyes dole ne a wanke sosai bayan rini don rage sauran sulfur a kan masana'anta da kuma hana masana'anta brittleness, domin sulfur a cikin rini da kuma sulfur a cikin alkali sulfide ne mai sauki oxidize a cikin iska don samar da sulfuric acid, wanda zai haifar da acid hydrolysis na cellulose fiber da kuma rage ƙarfin fiber brittleness. Don haka, ana iya bi da shi tare da abubuwan da ke hana ɓarnawa, kamar: urea, trisodium phosphate, manne kashi, sodium acetate, da sauransu. Domin inganta saurin solarization da saurin sabulun rini na vulcanized, ana iya gyara launi bayan rini. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na gyaran launi: maganin gishirin ƙarfe (kamar: potassium dichromate, jan karfe sulfate, jan karfe acetate da cakuda waɗannan gishiri) da kuma maganin cationic color fixing agent.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-19-2023