Nawa ka sani game da rini na sulfur?

Rini na Sulfide wani nau'in rini ne mai ɗauke da sulfur tare da tsarin ƙwayoyin halitta mai rikitarwa. Galibi ana yin sa ne da wasu amines masu ƙamshi, aminophenols da sauran mahaɗan halitta waɗanda aka dumama da sulfur ko sodium polysulfide, wato, waɗanda aka yi musu vulcanized.

Rini na sulfide galibi ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma lokacin da ake rina su, ana buƙatar a narkar da su a cikin maganin sodium sulfide ko maganin foda na alkaline don rage yawan fitar da su, sannan a sanya su a cikin oxidized don nuna launi bayan shan zare.

Bayani game da rini na sulfur

An ƙera rini na Vulcanized don rini na zare na cellulose a karon farko tun daga shekarar 1873, kuma tsarin samar da shi yana da sauƙi, galibi ana yin sa ne da amines masu ƙanshi ko mahaɗan phenolic waɗanda aka haɗa da sulfur ko sodium polysulfide kuma an dumama su. Rini mai rahusa, mai sauƙin amfani, babu maganin cutar kansa, tare da ingantaccen wankewa da kuma juriyar rana, sanannen rini ne. Duk da haka, saboda nau'in rini ne na ruwa wanda ba ya narkewa, lokacin rini, ana rage su zuwa gishirin sodium mai narkewa a cikin maganin alkali sulfide, bayan rini da zaren ɗan adam, bayan oxidation ya zama yanayin da ba ya narkewa wanda aka saita akan zaren, don haka tsarin rini yana da rikitarwa, kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline mai ƙarfi ba za a iya amfani da shi don ulu, siliki da sauran zaren furotin ba.

Saboda haka, ana amfani da rini mai laushi wajen rini zare na cellulose, musamman wajen rini na kayayyakin auduga masu duhu, waɗanda launuka biyu na rini na Sulfide wani nau'in rini ne mai ɗauke da sulfur tare da tsarin kwayoyin halitta mai rikitarwa. Galibi ana yin sa ne da wasu amines masu ƙamshi, aminophenols da sauran mahaɗan halitta waɗanda aka dumama da sulfur ko sodium polysulfide, wato, an yi shi da vulcanized.

Rini na sulfide galibi ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma lokacin da ake rina su, ana buƙatar a narkar da su a cikin maganin sodium sulfide ko maganin foda na alkaline don rage yawan fitar da su, sannan a sanya su a cikin oxidized don nuna launi bayan shan zare.

Bayani game da rini na sulfur

An ƙera rini na Vulcanized don rini na zare na cellulose a karon farko tun daga shekarar 1873, kuma tsarin samar da shi yana da sauƙi, galibi ana yin sa ne da amines masu ƙanshi ko mahaɗan phenolic waɗanda aka haɗa da sulfur ko sodium polysulfide kuma an dumama su. Rini mai rahusa, mai sauƙin amfani, babu maganin cutar kansa, tare da ingantaccen wankewa da kuma juriyar rana, sanannen rini ne. Duk da haka, saboda nau'in rini ne na ruwa wanda ba ya narkewa, lokacin rini, ana rage su zuwa gishirin sodium mai narkewa a cikin maganin alkali sulfide, bayan rini da zaren ɗan adam, bayan oxidation ya zama yanayin da ba ya narkewa wanda aka saita akan zaren, don haka tsarin rini yana da rikitarwa, kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline mai ƙarfi ba za a iya amfani da shi don ulu, siliki da sauran zaren furotin ba.

Saboda haka, ana amfani da rini mai laushi wajen rini zaruruwan cellulose, musamman wajen rini da kayayyakin auduga masu duhu, waɗanda launuka daban-daban nabaƙin sulfurkumashuɗin sulfur

launin ruwan kasa mai duhu sulfur gd sulfur launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa
launin ja mai sulfur ja lgf
launin ruwan kasa mai launin sulfur mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin rawaya 10
foda mai launin rawaya mai launin sulfur 2
foda ja na sulfur bordeaux 3b

sune mafi yawan amfani.

Na biyu, tsarin rini na rini na rini na sulfide

Ana rage rini na sulfide sannan a narkar da shi ya zama ruwan rini, sannan rini mai suna leucochroma da aka samar yana shanye shi da zaruruwan cellulose sannan a yi masa magani da iskar oxidation domin ya sa zaruruwan cellulose su nuna launin da ake so. Tsarin sinadaran da ke tattare da shi shine

DS-SO3Na + Na2S→D-Sna + Na2S2O3

Iyalin rini na sulfide ba shi da alaƙa da zare, kuma tsarinsa ya ƙunshi haɗin sulfur (1 S1), haɗin disulfide (1 s — S) ko haɗin polysulfide (1 Sx 1), waɗanda aka rage su zuwa ƙungiyar hydrogen sulfide (1 SNa) a ƙarƙashin aikin masu rage sodium sulfide, kuma suka zama gishirin sodium leucochromic wanda ke narkewa a cikin ruwa. Dalilin da ya sa leucochromes ke da kyakkyawar alaƙa da zare cellulose shine cewa ƙwayoyin rini sun fi girma, wanda hakan ke haifar da manyan ƙarfin van der Waals da ƙarfin haɗin hydrogen tsakanin zare.

Iii. Rarraba rini na sulfur

Za a iya raba rini na sulfide zuwa rukuni huɗu:

1, fenti na foda sulfide

Tsarin rini gabaɗaya: DSSD, gabaɗaya ana buƙatar amfani da tafasar sodium sulfide, wanda aka narkar bayan an shafa.

2, rini na hydrolytic sulfide

Tsarin rini gabaɗaya: D-SSO3Na, wannan nau'in rini an yi shi ne da maganin sodium sulfite ko sodium bisulfite na rini na sulfide na gargajiya, rini yana ɗauke da ƙungiyoyi masu narkewar ruwa, don haka yana narkewar ruwa, amma rini ba ya ƙunshe da abubuwan ragewa, babu alaƙa da zare, hanyar rini ta dakatarwa da aka saba amfani da ita tana amfani da ita a kan masana'anta.

3, rini mai sinadarin sulfide

Tsarin rini gabaɗaya shine: D-SNa, wanda ke ɗauke da wani adadin sinadarin ragewa, an riga an rage rini zuwa leptochroma mai narkewa.

Kafin shekarar 1936, rini mai launin toka yana cikin siffar foda a matsayin hanyar kasuwanci. Lokacin da ake amfani da shi, ana dumama rini mai launin toka tare don tafasa tare da ruwan soda ash don narke shi. A shekarar 1936, John Le Clester na Amurka ya yi wani maganin rini mai launin sulfide mai kyau, wanda aka riga aka rage shi, kuma ya sami takardar izinin mallaka, wanda yanzu aka sani da rini mai launin sulfide.

4, rini mai amfani da sinadarin sulfide mai kyau ga muhalli

A lokacin da ake samar da shi, ana tace shi zuwa ruwan rini, amma yawan sinadarin sulfur da sinadarin polysulfide sun yi ƙasa da na rini na sulfide na yau da kullun. Rini yana da tsarki sosai, matakin rage shi da kuma kyakkyawan aiki. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da sinadarin rage glucose da foda na inshora a cikin wankan rini, wanda ba wai kawai zai iya rage rini na sulfide ba, har ma yana taka rawa wajen kare muhalli.

Na huɗu, tsarin rini na rini na sulfide

Za a iya raba tsarin rini na vulcanization zuwa matakai huɗu masu zuwa:

1. Rage rini

Yana da sauƙin ragewa da narkar da rini na sulfide, kuma ana amfani da sodium sulfide a matsayin maganin rage zafi, wanda kuma yake aiki a matsayin maganin alkali. Domin hana ruwa shiga leucophore, ana iya ƙara abubuwa kamar ash na soda yadda ya kamata, amma alkaline na bath bath ba zai iya zama mai ƙarfi sosai ba, in ba haka ba ƙimar rage rini zai yi jinkiri.

2, rini a cikin maganin rini yana shanye shi da zare

Rini mai launin sulfide yana nan a yanayin anion a cikin ruwan rini, yana da halayen kai tsaye ga zaren cellulose, ana iya shaƙe shi a saman zaren sannan a yaɗu zuwa cikin zaren. Ƙarfin rini na sulfur zuwa zaren cellulose yana da ƙasa, gabaɗaya yana amfani da ƙaramin rabo na wanka, yayin da yake ƙara electrolytes masu dacewa, a mafi yawan zafin jiki na iya inganta yawan rini, daidaitawa da kuma iya aiki.

3, maganin iskar shaka

Bayan an yi rini a kan zare, dole ne a yi amfani da rini na sulfur leuco don nuna launin da ake so. Oxidation muhimmin mataki ne bayan an yi rini da rini na vulcanized. Ana iya yin oxidation da rini mai sauƙi da iska bayan an yi rini ta hanyar wankewa da kuma samun iska, wato, hanyar oxidation ta iska; Ga wasu rini na sulfide waɗanda ba su da sauƙin oxidation, ana amfani da sinadaran oxidizing don haɓaka oxidation.

4. Bayan sarrafawa

Bayan an yi magani, ya haɗa da tsaftacewa, shafa mai, hana bushewa da kuma gyara launi. Dole ne a wanke rini na sulfur gaba ɗaya bayan an yi rini don rage ragowar sulfur a kan masakar da kuma hana karyewar masakar, domin sulfur da ke cikin rini da sulfur a cikin alkali sulfide suna da sauƙin oxidize a cikin iska don samar da sulfur acid, wanda zai haifar da hydrolysis na acid na zaren cellulose da kuma rage ƙarfin karyewar zaren. Saboda haka, ana iya magance shi da magungunan hana karyewar fata, kamar: urea, trisodium phosphate, manne na ƙashi, sodium acetate, da sauransu. Domin inganta hasken rana da saurin sabulun rini na vulcanized, ana iya gyara launin bayan an yi rini. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na maganin gyara launi: maganin gishirin ƙarfe (kamar: potassium dichromate, copper sulfate, copper acetate da cakuda waɗannan gishirin) da maganin gyara launi na cationic.

Baƙi da shuɗi mai laushi sune aka fi amfani da su.

Na biyu, tsarin rini na rini na rini na sulfide

Ana rage rini na sulfide sannan a narkar da shi ya zama ruwan rini, sannan rini mai suna leucochroma da aka samar yana shanye shi da zaruruwan cellulose sannan a yi masa magani da iskar oxidation domin ya sa zaruruwan cellulose su nuna launin da ake so. Tsarin sinadaran da ke tattare da shi shine

DS-SO3Na + Na2S→D-Sna + Na2S2O3

Iyalin rini na sulfide ba shi da alaƙa da zare, kuma tsarinsa ya ƙunshi haɗin sulfur (1 S1), haɗin disulfide (1 s — S) ko haɗin polysulfide (1 Sx 1), waɗanda aka rage su zuwa ƙungiyar hydrogen sulfide (1 SNa) a ƙarƙashin aikin masu rage sodium sulfide, kuma suka zama gishirin sodium leucochromic wanda ke narkewa a cikin ruwa. Dalilin da ya sa leucochromes ke da kyakkyawar alaƙa da zare cellulose shine cewa ƙwayoyin rini sun fi girma, wanda hakan ke haifar da manyan ƙarfin van der Waals da ƙarfin haɗin hydrogen tsakanin zare.

Iii. Rarraba rini na sulfur

Za a iya raba rini na sulfide zuwa rukuni huɗu:

1, fenti na foda sulfide

Tsarin rini gabaɗaya: DSSD, gabaɗaya ana buƙatar amfani da tafasar sodium sulfide, wanda aka narkar bayan an shafa.

2, rini na hydrolytic sulfide

Tsarin rini gabaɗaya: D-SSO3Na, wannan nau'in rini an yi shi ne da maganin sodium sulfite ko sodium bisulfite na rini na sulfide na gargajiya, rini yana ɗauke da ƙungiyoyi masu narkewar ruwa, don haka yana narkewar ruwa, amma rini ba ya ƙunshe da abubuwan ragewa, babu alaƙa da zare, hanyar rini ta dakatarwa da aka yi amfani da ita galibi ana amfani da ita a kan masana'anta.3, rini na sulfide na ruwa

Tsarin rini gabaɗaya shine: D-SNa, wanda ke ɗauke da wani adadin sinadarin ragewa, an riga an rage rini zuwa leptochroma mai narkewa.

Kafin shekarar 1936, rini mai launin toka yana cikin siffar foda a matsayin hanyar kasuwanci. Lokacin da ake amfani da shi, ana dumama rini mai launin toka tare don tafasa tare da ruwan soda ash don narke shi. A shekarar 1936, John Le Clester na Amurka ya yi wani maganin rini mai launin sulfide mai kyau, wanda aka riga aka rage shi, kuma ya sami takardar izinin mallaka, wanda yanzu aka sani da rini mai launin sulfide.

4, rini mai amfani da sinadarin sulfide mai kyau ga muhalli

A lokacin da ake samar da shi, ana tace shi zuwa ruwan rini, amma yawan sinadarin sulfur da sinadarin polysulfide sun yi ƙasa da na rini na sulfide na yau da kullun. Rini yana da tsarki sosai, matakin rage shi da kuma kyakkyawan aiki. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da sinadarin rage glucose da foda na inshora a cikin wankan rini, wanda ba wai kawai zai iya rage rini na sulfide ba, har ma yana taka rawa wajen kare muhalli.

Na huɗu, tsarin rini na rini na sulfide

Za a iya raba tsarin rini na vulcanization zuwa matakai huɗu masu zuwa:

1. Rage rini

Yana da sauƙin ragewa da narkar da rini na sulfide, kuma ana amfani da sodium sulfide a matsayin maganin rage zafi, wanda kuma yake aiki a matsayin maganin alkali. Domin hana ruwa shiga leucophore, ana iya ƙara abubuwa kamar ash na soda yadda ya kamata, amma alkaline na bath bath ba zai iya zama mai ƙarfi sosai ba, in ba haka ba ƙimar rage rini zai yi jinkiri.

2, rini a cikin maganin rini yana shanye shi da zare

Rini mai launin sulfide yana nan a yanayin anion a cikin ruwan rini, yana da halayen kai tsaye ga zaren cellulose, ana iya shaƙe shi a saman zaren sannan a yaɗu zuwa cikin zaren. Ƙarfin rini na sulfur zuwa zaren cellulose yana da ƙasa, gabaɗaya yana amfani da ƙaramin rabo na wanka, yayin da yake ƙara electrolytes masu dacewa, a mafi yawan zafin jiki na iya inganta yawan rini, daidaitawa da kuma iya aiki.

3, maganin iskar shaka

Bayan an yi rini a kan zare, dole ne a yi amfani da rini na sulfur leuco don nuna launin da ake so. Oxidation muhimmin mataki ne bayan an yi rini da rini na vulcanized. Ana iya yin oxidation da rini mai sauƙi da iska bayan an yi rini ta hanyar wankewa da kuma samun iska, wato, hanyar oxidation ta iska; Ga wasu rini na sulfide waɗanda ba su da sauƙin oxidation, ana amfani da sinadaran oxidizing don haɓaka oxidation.

4. Bayan sarrafawa

Bayan an yi magani, ya haɗa da tsaftacewa, shafa mai, hana bushewa da kuma gyara launi. Dole ne a wanke rini na sulfur gaba ɗaya bayan an yi rini don rage ragowar sulfur a kan masakar da kuma hana karyewar masakar, domin sulfur da ke cikin rini da sulfur a cikin alkali sulfide suna da sauƙin oxidize a cikin iska don samar da sulfur acid, wanda zai haifar da hydrolysis na acid na zaren cellulose da kuma rage ƙarfin karyewar zaren. Saboda haka, ana iya magance shi da magungunan hana karyewar fata, kamar: urea, trisodium phosphate, manne na ƙashi, sodium acetate, da sauransu. Domin inganta hasken rana da saurin sabulun rini na vulcanized, ana iya gyara launin bayan an yi rini. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na maganin gyara launi: maganin gishirin ƙarfe (kamar: potassium dichromate, copper sulfate, copper acetate da cakuda waɗannan gishirin) da maganin gyara launi na cationic.